What are the programs called that set tangible production goals for a specified period in the Soviet Union's planned economy?

The programs that established specific production targets for a designated timeframe within the Soviet Union's planned economy are known as Five Year Plans. These plans were a central component of the Soviet economic strategy, initiated under Joseph Stalin in 1928. They aimed to rapidly industrialize the economy and transform the Soviet Union from a largely agrarian society into a major industrial power.

Each Five Year Plan outlined ambitious production goals across various sectors, including heavy industry, agriculture, and infrastructure development. The focus was on maximizing output and efficiency in these areas, often through state control and collective ownership of resources. These plans not only set quantitative targets but also served to mobilize the resources of the Soviet state towards achieving rapid economic growth.

The other options do not accurately describe these programs. For instance, Ten-Year Plans might imply longer-term goals but are not characteristic of the Soviet approach, which primarily used five-year cycles for planning economic developments. Production Goals and Planned Initiatives are more general terms that do not specifically refer to the structured, government-led initiatives characteristic of the Five Year Plans. Thus, Five Year Plans are clearly distinguished as the method used in the Soviet Union to set and measure economic output targets.