What concept involves dividing government power among legislative, executive, and judicial branches?

The concept that involves dividing government power among legislative, executive, and judicial branches is known as the Separation of Powers. This principle is foundational in many democratic governments, particularly in the framework established by the United States Constitution. By allocating distinct functions and powers to each branch, the Separation of Powers helps prevent any one branch from gaining too much authority or influence, promoting a system of government that is balanced and prevents the abuse of power.

Checks and balances is closely related as it describes the mechanisms that each branch has to limit the powers of the others, ensuring cooperation and accountability. Federalism refers to the division of powers between national and regional governments, rather than within the branches of government. Constitutional monarchy is a system where a monarch exists alongside a constitution that delineates government powers, but it does not inherently deal with the division into branches as the Separation of Powers does.