What document establishes the basic structure of government and outlines the rights and responsibilities of citizens?

The Constitution is the foundational document that establishes the basic structure of government within a nation. It lays out the framework for how the government operates, defines the roles and powers of various branches of government, and specifies the system of checks and balances that prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

In addition to providing a structure, the Constitution often includes a Bill of Rights or similar provisions that outline the rights and responsibilities of citizens. This ensures that individual liberties are protected and that citizens understand their obligations within the framework of government. Therefore, it serves as both a legal foundation and a guide for the functioning of the state and the rights of its people.

Other options, while significant, do not fulfill the dual role of establishing government structure and outlining citizens' rights. The Bill of Rights typically refers to specific amendments or rights that protect individual freedoms but does not by itself organize government. The Declaration of Independence is primarily a statement asserting the colonies' decision to break from British rule and does not create a structure for governance. The Charter can refer to various types of documents depending on the context but does not specifically denote the comprehensive nature of constitutional law like the Constitution does.