What term describes a person who speaks out against the regime in power?

The term that accurately describes a person who speaks out against the regime in power is "dissident." This label is used for individuals who challenge or oppose the established government or political system, often in a context where such actions can lead to significant risks, including persecution or imprisonment. Dissidents actively voice dissenting opinions about political decisions, government policies, or societal norms, advocating for change and often promoting human rights and democratic freedoms.

The other terms have different implications. An activist typically works toward a cause and may engage in various forms of advocacy, but not all activists oppose the regime; they could be working within it for change rather than outright dissent. A reformer is someone who seeks to change specific policies or practices, often aiming to improve the existing system rather than opposing it fundamentally. A patriot usually expresses loyalty to their country and may defend the prevailing government or regime rather than oppose it, depending on the context. Therefore, "dissident" specifically captures the essence of speaking out against authority or prevailing power structures.