What term refers to a state that has significant influence over global events?

The term that refers to a state with significant influence over global events is "superpower." A superpower is characterized by its extensive political, economic, and military capabilities that enable it to assert its influence on a global scale. Superpowers possess the ability to project power beyond their borders, shape international policies, and impact global security and economics.

The concept of a superpower often implies a level of dominance that can influence other nations and international systems significantly. For example, during the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were considered superpowers due to their vast military resources and their roles in shaping global alliances and conflicts.

While the other terms have specific meanings, they do not capture the same breadth of global influence as "superpower." An empire typically refers to a historical state that has extended its control over other regions or peoples but does not necessarily possess the contemporary characteristics of global influence. Hegemony describes the dominance of one state or group over others but is often more specific to a particular region or context, rather than a state with widespread influence. A nation-state, while it represents a political entity with defined borders and governance, does not inherently imply the capacity to influence global events significantly. Thus, "superpower" is the most accurate term