What was the primary goal of Gorbachev’s perestroika?

The primary goal of Gorbachev’s perestroika was to transition the Soviet economy from a centralized, command system to a more market-based economy. Introduced in the 1980s, perestroika, which means "restructuring," aimed to revitalize the stagnant Soviet economy by incorporating elements of capitalism, encouraging private ownership, and allowing some degree of entrepreneurial activity. This was seen as essential to improving efficiency, productivity, and ultimately, the standard of living for Soviet citizens.

The shift towards a market-oriented approach was a crucial aspect of Gorbachev’s broader reforms, which also included glasnost, or openness, intended to foster transparency and political dialogue. The goal of transitioning to a market-based economy was a response to the economic challenges faced by the USSR, including poor performance and lack of innovation.

Other options reflect goals that were not part of perestroika's objectives. Strengthening military power would contradict the economic reforms since a focus on military expenditures often exacerbated economic issues. Eliminating political dissent goes against the spirit of glasnost, which was about increasing openness and reducing censorship. Expanding territorial control was not a goal during this period, as Gorbachev was primarily focused on internal reform rather than external expansion or